Kubera ko ubukungu bwo guteza imbere ubukungu bwihuse, Ubushinwa bwakomeje iterambere ryihuta mu bikorwa remezo. Nkimwe muburyo nyamukuru bwo guhuza imijyi nicyaro no guhuza uturere twimbere kandi hanze, ubwikorezi bwumuhanda nabwo bwateye imbere cyane mumyaka mirongo ishize.
Kugeza ku ya 20222, Mileage y'Abashinwa yageze kuri kilometero miliyoni 5.28, muri yo mileage ya Mileage irenze kilometero 170.000, zituma kimwe mu bihugu bimaze igihe kinini ari indwara ndende cyane.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry'umuhanda w'Ubushinwa kandi rifite ibintu byinshi byaranze, nk'igice kinini cy'isi n'ikiraro kinini ku isi. Birashobora kuvugwa ko ubwikorezi bwumuhanda wubushinwa bwateye imbere mubikorwa byubwubatsi byibikorwa remezo byigihugu, tugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubukungu no kuborohereza ingendo zabantu.
Ariko wabonye ikibazo? Hano hari ibikoresho bibiri kubaka umuhanda, niko na comet cyangwa asfalt. Kuki imihanda yose ya Asfalt idashobora gukoreshwa?
Uyu munsi tuzaganira niba ari byiza gukoresha sima cyangwa asfalt yo kubaka umuhanda.

Sima vs asfalt
Sima, umuhanda wa Asfalt ni ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye byubwubatsi. Umuhanda wa sima ugizwe ahanini na sima, umucanga, kaburimbo n'ibindi bikoresho, mu gihe umuhanda wa Asfalt ugizwe ahanini na asfalt, ifu ya minerval, amabuye y'agaciro, amabuye y'agaciro, mabuye. Reka tuganire ku nyungu z'umuhanda wa sima n'umuhanda wa Asfalt.

Ubuzima
Imihanda ya sima iragoye kuruta umuhanda wa asfalt. Ubunini bw'imihanda ya sima muri rusange burenze cm 20. Kubera ihungabana ryayo ryuzuye nubushobozi bwo guhangana nigitutu cyibinyabiziga biremereye, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ahantu hakaba inzira yimihanda isaba kuramba no gutuza.
Ugereranije kuvuga, ubunini bwa kaburimbo ya asfalt ni cm 5 gusa, niko bimeze gusa kubihe byintoki nkimihanda.
Ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwose, imihanda ya sima nayo irakomeye. Muri rusange, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa kaburimbo bushobora kugera ku myaka irenga 30, mugihe ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa kaburimbo ya Asfalt bugera kumyaka 10-15 gusa.
Ni ukubera ko imiti ya sima ya sima ihamye cyane kuruta asfalt, kandi imitungo yayo irakomeye. Irashobora kugumana ubukana bwayo no gutuza igihe kirekire kandi ntibiterwa byoroshye nibintu bidukikije nkizuba n'imvura.

Ibyangiritse ku bidukikije
Duhereye ku musaruro uko bireba, inzira yo gukora imihanda ya sima isaba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi nanone itanga imyuka zimwe na zimwe za karbone. Umusaruro wa kaburimbo ya Asfalt urashobora kuzigama ingufu no gusohora dioxyde itabo. Kubwibyo, ukurikije imikorere yumusaruro, imihanda ya sima irashobora kuba isenya gato kubidukikije.
Ariko uhereye ku cyiciro cyo gukoresha, imihanda ya sima yombi hamwe n'imihanda ya Ashat izatera ibyangiritse kubidukikije. Kaburimbo ya Asfalt ikunda koroshya mu bihe bishyushye kandi irekura ibintu bya kama bihindagurika, bifite ingaruka mbi ku bwiza bw'ikirere. Kaburimbo nyayo irahagaze kandi ntabwo itanga ibintu bihindagurika. Ariko, ubuso bwa kaburimbo ya sima ni bigoye, kandi mugihe ibinyabiziga biyitwara, bizatanga umwanda mwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, muri kaburimbo ya sima izamura ibyago byo kuroga impanuka zo mu muhanda.

Igiciro
Ku bijyanye n'ikiguzi cy'ubwubatsi, imihanda ya sima irahenze kuruta umuhanda wa asfalt. Imihanda ya sima isaba ibikoresho byinshi nuburyo bwo kubaka, bityo ikiguzi cyubwubatsi ni hejuru yumuhanda wa Asfalt. Muri icyo gihe, imihanda ya sima ifata igihe kinini kugira ngo yubake, izamura amafaranga yo kubaka.
Mu rwego rwo gufata ibyemezo, imihanda ya sima isaba ibiciro byo hejuru bijyanye no gukomera kwabo no gutuza. Kurugero, niba hari ibice cyangwa ibinogo kumuhanda wa sima, ikiguzi cyo gusana kizaba kinini. Imihanda ya Asfalt irake cyane mugukoresha ibiciro byo kubungabunga kuko ishobora guhugurwa no gushyira igice gishya cya asfalt.
Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko nubwo imihanda ya Asfalt ikunze kubaho mubukungu mubiciro byubwubatsi hamwe nibiciro bya serivisi nyuma yo kubungabunga kandi bisaba no gusimburwa kenshi no gusimburwa nabyo kandi bisuzumwa.

Umutekano
Reka dutangire hamwe no gushinga amahano yubuso bwumuhanda. Imihanda ya sima yombi hamwe n'imihanda ya Asfalt ifite amakimbirane meza kandi arashobora gutanga neza gukurukurura no gufatanya iyo modoka itwaye.
Nyamara, kaburimbo ya Asfalt ifite elastique nziza kandi irabasura, kuburyo rero iyo utwaye imihanda yimvura cyangwa kunyerera, bityo byoroshye gutanga imihanda ihamye, kandi biroroshye gutanga ibyago byo kumuhanda cyangwa kugabanya ibyago byo kugurisha ibinyabiziga cyangwa gutakaza.
Icya kabiri, uhereye kubitekerezo byumuhanda ugororotse, imitwe ya sima irakomeye kandi yoroshye, ishobora kurushaho kwihanganira ingaruka ninyeganye zitwara ibinyabiziga bihamye kandi bitanga ibinyabiziga bihamye.
Pavemet ya Asfalt iri softer, hamwe nurwego runaka rwo guhindura no hejuru no kumanuka, bishobora gutera ibibyimba mugihe ikinyabiziga gitwaye, ongera ikibazo numunaniro wumushoferi.
Icya gatatu, ukurikije gahunda ya kaburimbo, imitwe ya sima irakomeye, ihamye, igira ubuzima burebure, kandi ntibwiza byoroshye nibintu byo hanze nkikirere nubushyuhe.
Icya kane, kaburimbo ya Asfalt iraboroga kandi igira ingaruka kuburyo bworoshye kubintu bishingiye ku bidukikije nkizuba nimvura, gutuma ibintu bishaje bya pavement, bikaba bigira ingaruka kumutekano wo gutwara.
Mugereranije, ntabwo bigoye kubona ko imihanda ya sima ifite ibyiza byabo hamwe n'imihanda ya asfalt ifite ibyiza byabo. Ni ukubera iki mumihanda minini ya Asfalt, ariko sitasiyo yishyurwa ni umuhanda wa sima?

Kuringaniza umuhanda
Ni izihe nyungu zikenewe mu mihanda minini mu mihanda?
Umutekano, umutekano, n'umutekano.
Nkuko twabivuze, asfalt ifite ubushishozi bwiza na elastique, kandi irashobora gukurikiza neza umuhanda fatizo kugirango ikore imiterere ikomeye, bityo iko atezimbere ubuziraherezo no kwitwaza ubushobozi bwumuhanda.
Byongeye kandi, asfalt nawe afite imikorere myiza yubutahe, ishobora kubuza neza amazi yimvura kwinjira mu gice cyo hepfo yubuso, kwirinda ibibazo byoroshye no gutura.
Byongeye kandi, ubuso bwubuso no gushinga amakimbirane yimihanda ya kaburimbo ya asfalt iri hejuru, ishobora gutanga umutekano no guhumurizwa, no kuzamura umutekano wo gutwara.
Iyo utwaye mumihanda, ikintu cyingenzi nukubasha gusebanya. Ni kangahe mu muhanda ufite impanuka kubera kudashobora guhagarika feri. Birumvikana, usibye umutekano, hariho izindi nyungu ni ngombwa cyane, ni ukunyu buhendutse.
Kubaka umuhanda bigura amafaranga, kandi imihanda miremire itwara amafaranga menshi. Ku gihugu nk'igihugu cyanjye gifite ubutaka bunini, hagura umuhanda ugura amafaranga menshi. Iyo rero duhisemo ibikoresho byumuhanda, ntidukwiye guhitamo gusa ibikoresho bihebuje gusa byo gusana, ahubwo duhitamo no gufata ibikoresho bihe bihendutse byo kubungabunga. Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho byo guhatanira, asfalt bifite ibiciro byo kubaka no gufata neza, bishobora kuzana inyungu zubukungu mu kubaka no gukora. Kubwibyo, asfalt nanone amahitamo meza kumihanda minini. Kuki KOLATIONS UKORESHE? Ahantu ho kwirwanaho umuhanda nimwe mubikoresho byingenzi kumuhanda. Bagira uruhare mu gucunga imihanda no gukusanya imisoro. Ariko, ushobora kuba ufite amatsiko kuki imihanda iri kuri sitasiyo yishyurwa yashyizweho na sima aho kuba asfalt imeze nkinzira nyabagendwa. Ibinyuranye, sima irakwiriye guhaga imihanda kuri Toll. Impamvu yambere ni uko ugereranije na asfalt, sima irakomeye kandi irashobora kwihanganira igitutu cyumubare munini wimodoka zinyuramo. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mubice bikikije urutonde, kuberako uturere dukenera kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye mumakamyo nibindi binyabiziga biremereye. Icya kabiri, kubera kuramba gukomeye kwa sima, umuhanda uri kuri sitasiyo ya Toll ntukeneye gusanwa kandi urengana kenshi nkimihanda ya Asfalt. Ibi bivuze ko ubuzima bwumuhanda ari burebire kandi bwinshi bwo kubungabunga no gusana ibiciro byo gusana birashobora gukizwa. Hanyuma, imihanda ya sima ifitanye isano nibidukikije kuruta umuhanda wa asfalt. Mugihe cyumusaruro wa Asfalt, imyuka nini yangiza nimyanda ikozwe. Guhindura cement yasohoye dioxyde itagira karuboni, kandi iyo imihanda ya sima isenyutse, ibikoresho bya sima birashobora gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, kugabanya imyanda no kugira ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije.
Noneho uzi ibyiza byimihanda ya sima hejuru yimihanda ya asfalt.

Umwanzuro
Muri make, kubaka umuhanda wubushinwa bikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, buri kimwe kifite ibyiza byihariye nubunini bwa porogaramu. Yaba asphalt, sima cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, gahunda yubwubatsi myiza irashobora gutorwa ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo mumuhanda hamwe nibihe byimodoka kugirango umutekano wegereze neza kandi wizewe.
Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa n'imiryango myinshi itera imibereho, kubaka umuhanda bizahura n'ibibazo n'amahirwe. Tugomba gukomeza guhanga udushya, guteza imbere ubwiza, no guteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ryo gutwara abantu. Twizera ko hamwe n'imbaraga z'impaka zose, inganda z'igihugu cyanjye zizashyiraho rwose ejo hazaza.