[1]. Intangiriro
Ugereranije nuburyo buke bwo gushyushya gushyuha no gushyushya amavuta yo gushyushya, gushyushya amavuta yubushyuhe bifite ibyiza byo kuzigama ingufu, gushyushya ubusa, igitutu kinini, umutekano noroshye. Kubwibyo, kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa amavuta yo kwinjiza ubushyuhe mu gihugu cyanjye byateye imbere cyane muri gahunda zitandukanye z'ubushyuhe mu Rwanda
Iyi ngingo iraganira ahanini gushinga, ingaruka, ingaruka ku bintu n'ibisubizo byo gukinisha amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukoresha.

[2]. Gushiraho
Hano haribintu bitatu byingenzi byimiti muburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwamavuta yubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwamagana, ubushyuhe bwamashu hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi. Couking ikorwa na Thermal Okiside hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bubaho mugihe amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe ashyushye mugihe cyo gukora sisitemu yo gushyushya. Imyitwarire izabyara Macronolecules yo hejuru nka hydrocarbons ya polycrictbons, colloide na asphaltene, bikabitsa buhoro buhoro hejuru yikibanza kandi umuyoboro wo gushinga inkoni.
Ubushyuhe bwa okiside cyane cyane bibaho mugihe amavuta yo kwimura ubushyuhe mu kigega cyo kwaguka cya sisitemu yo gushyushya ifungura umwuka cyangwa yitabira kuzenguruka. Imyitwarire izabyara inkweto-ntoya cyangwa ndende-ndende, Ketone, acide, acide nibindi bigize aside, kandi bikaba bitera ibintu bya acide, kandi bikaba bitera ibintu bya virusiko nka colloide hamwe na asfaltene kugirango bibe inkoni; Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buterwa nibibazo bidasanzwe. Bimaze kubaho, bizahita bihutira gucikamo ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho ubushyuhe bwo kwiyongera vuba, kugabanya imikorere yo kwimura ubushyuhe, bitera kwishyurwa no gutanura. Ibintu acidic byakozwe nabyo bizatera ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bigatemba.

[3]. Ibyago byo guswera
Igikoni cyakozwe nubushyuhe bwo kohereza ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukoresha kizakora urwego rwo kwigana, gitera ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bukabije bwo kwiyongera, ubushyuhe bukabije bwiyongereye, kandi ibiyobyabwenge byiyongera; Ku rundi ruhande, kubera ubushyuhe busabwa n'imikorere yo kubyaza umusaruro, ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura ry'itanura rizamuka bukabije, bigatera itanura ryo gushyushya mu itanura. Mu myaka yashize, impanuka nkizo zaramenyerejwe.

[4]. Ibintu bireba inkoni
(1) Ubwiza bwa peteroli
Nyuma yo gusesengura inzira yo gutoranya hejuru, harasanga harashizweho umunyezamu nubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bufitanye isano rya bugufi no gufatanya ko umuvuduko nubwinshi. Impanuka nyinshi zo mu muriro no guturika ziterwa n'umutekano mu bushyuhe kandi uhagaze neza amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora.
(2) gushushanya no kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo gushyushya
Ibipimo bitandukanye byatanzwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya kandi niba ishyirwaho ryibikoresho birumvikana bigira ingaruka kubijyanye no guhangana namavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe.
Imiterere yo kwishyiriraho muri buri bikoresho iratandukanye, izagira ingaruka kubuzima bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe. Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi mugihe gikwiye mugihe cyo gukora kugirango wongere ubuzima bwamavuta yubushyuhe.
(3) imikorere ya buri munsi no kubungabunga sisitemu yo gushyushya
Abakora batandukanye bafite ibintu bitandukanye nkuburezi nubuhanga. Nubwo bakoresha ibikoresho byo gushyushya hamwe namavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe, urwego rwabo rwo gushyushya ubushyuhe nubushyuhe ntabwo ari kimwe.
Ubushyuhe ni parameter yingenzi kubushyuhe bwamashuma hamwe namashusho yubushyuhe buhoro buhoro amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe. Ubwo ubushyuhe buzamutse, igipimo cyimyitwarire yibi bice byombi kiziyongera cyane, kandi imyumvire yo gutwara nayo iziyongera.
Nk'uko inyigisho zibishinzwe zifite amahame yimiti: Nkuko umubare wa Reynolds uriyongera, igipimo cya parike kitinda. Inomero ya Reynolds ninganiye kurwego rwumuvuduko wamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyurupfu cyamavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe, gahoro gahoro.

[5]. Gukuramo
Kugirango utandukire gushiraho inkoni no kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi yo kohereza ubushyuhe, hagomba gufatwa nkibice bikurikira:
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Amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe agabanijwemo ibicuruzwa ukurikije ubushyuhe. Muri bo, amavuta yo kwimura ubuhanga ahanini arimo ibirango bitatu: L-Qb280, L-Qb300 na L-QC320, kandi ubushyuhe bwabo ni 280 ℃, 300 ℃ na 320 ℃,.
Amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe bwibirango bikwiye kandi afite ubuziranenge buhura na sh / t 067-1999 "Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe" arwego agomba gutorwa ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya. Kugeza ubu, ubushyuhe busabwa bwo gukoresha amavuta yo kwimura ubushyuhe bushingiye ku bucuruzi aratandukanye cyane n'ibisubizo nyabyo, biyobya abakoresha n'umutekano bibaho rimwe na rimwe. Bikwiye gukurura ibitekerezo byabakoresha benshi!
Amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe agomba gukorwa n'amavuta agenga ihuriweho nubushyuhe bwiza hamwe na antioxydidants ndende hamwe ninyongera zintoki. Antioxydidant yo hejuru irashobora gutinda neza okiside no kwinubira amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukora; Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kurwanya umukozi burashobora gushonga inkoni mu itanura na pipeline, hanyuma igasunika mumavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe, hanyuma akayungurura mumavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe, hanyuma ayisunika muyungurura kuri sisitemu kugirango itambuke. Nyuma ya buri mezi atatu cyangwa amezi atandatu yo gukoresha, virusi, flash point, agaciro ka aside hamwe nibisigazwa bya karubone hamwe namavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe bigomba gukurikiranwa no gusesengurwa. Iyo ibipimo bibiri birenga imipaka yagenwe (ibisigazwa bya karubone ntibirenze 1.5%, bihinduka igipimo kirenze metero 15%), bigomba gufatwa nkamavuta mashya cyangwa gusimbuza amavuta yose.
(2) Igishushanyo cyumvikana no kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo gushyushya
Igishushanyo nogushiraho uburyo bwo gushyushya amavuta yamatungo bigomba gukurikira amategeko ashyushye yamatafari ashyushye yatewe ninzego zibishinzwe kugirango habeho imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo gushyushya.
(3) Bisanzwe ibikorwa bya buri munsi bya sisitemu yo gushyushya
Imikorere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu yubushyuhe bwamavuta yamashanyarazi igomba gukurikiza amategeko yumutekano na tekiniki yamategeko yubushyuhe bwibipimo ngenderwaho, hanyuma agakurikirana imigendekere yimiterere yibipimo hamwe na peteroli yamashanyarazi igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Mugukoresha nyabyo, impuzandengo yubushyuhe kuri outlet itanura rishyushya igomba kuba byibuze 20 ℃ munsi yubushyuhe bwo kohereza amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mu kigega cyo kwaguka bwa sisitemu ifunguye igomba kuba munsi ya 60 ℃, n'ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 180 ℃.
Igipimo cyurugendo cyo kohereza amavuta mu itanura rishyushye ntiri munsi ya 2,5 m / kugirango wongere ubushyuhe bwo kohereza ubushyuhe mu mbaraga zohereza ubushyuhe mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe.
(4) Gusukura sisitemu yo gushyushya
Ubushyuhe bwa Traile na PolymeiriATION BIKORWA BIKORESHEJWE BIKURIKIRA ABANYARWANDA ALLYMEDS HILBbous yisumbuye ikurikiza urukuta rwumuyoboro. Ibintu nkibi birashobora gukurwaho nibisuku.
Ibitekerezo byo murwego rwohejuru Gusukura imiti nibyiza gusa kubice bitarangwa na karubi. Isake ishushanyije rwose. Gusukura imiti ntibikiri igisubizo cyubu bwoko. Isuku rya mashini rikoreshwa ahanini mumahanga. Igomba kugenzurwa kenshi mugihe cyo gukoreshwa. Iyo hashyizweho ibintu byinshi-byashizweho bya karubone bitaragira karuboni, abakoresha barashobora kugura abakozi basukura imiti yo gukora isuku.

[6]. Umwanzuro
1. Guhangana amavuta yo kwimura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kohereza ubushyuhe biva mubicuruzwa byigisubizo cyimyitwarire yubushyuhe bwamatiba
2. Guhangana amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe bizatera ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yo gushyuha kugabanuka, ubushyuhe bukabije bwo kwiyongera, kandi ibiyobyabwenge byo kwiyongera, kandi ibiyobyabwenge byo kwiyongera. Mubihe bikomeye, bizaganisha ku mpanuka nkumuriro, guturika no gukomeretsa umuntu ku giti cye mu itanura rishyushya.
3. Kugirango ugabanye ishyirwaho rya Couking, amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe yateguwe hamwe namavuta agenga ihuriweho nubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya oki-oki-yangiza. Kubakoresha, ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa ubushyuhe bugenwa nubuyobozi bugomba gutoranywa.
4. Sisitemu yo gushyushya igomba kuba ikozwe neza kandi ishyirwaho, kandi imikorere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu yo gushyushya igomba kuba isanzwe mugihe cyo gukoreshwa. Ibyatsi, flash point, agaciro ka aside hamwe na karubone gisigaye k'amavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe mu bikorwa bigomba kugeragezwa buri gihe kugirango witegereze imigendekere yabo.
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