Ibikoresho binini bya Ashalt bivanze nibikoresho byingenzi byo kubaka imishinga ya ASPHALT. Kwishyiriraho no gukemura ibikoresho bivanze bigira ingaruka kumiterere yacyo, pavement iterambere ryiterambere nubwiza. Ukurikije imyitozo y'akazi, iyi ngingo isobanura ingingo za tekiniki yo kwishyiriraho no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye - ibikoresho bivanze bivanze.

Guhitamo Ubwoko bwa Asfalt

Guhuza n'imihindagurikire
Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwuzuye bushingiye ku mpamyabumenyi y'isosiyete, umubare w'umushinga wasezeranijwe, umubare w'amasoko w'uyu mushinga (igice cy'amasoko), iminsi y'imari), iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'isosiyete. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bugomba kuba burenze umubare wubwubatsi. 20% binini.

Indwara
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe bigomba kugira urwego rwa tekiniki kugirango rumenyere ibisabwa byubwubatsi kandi bukaba bukomeye. Kurugero, umubare wubukonje na Gira ushyushye bigomba kuba bitandatu kugirango uhuze kugenzura umubare uvanze; Silinderi ivanze igomba kugira interineti yo kongeramo ibyongewema kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa kugirango yongere ibikoresho bya fibre, abashinzwe kurwanya rutiba hamwe nizindi nyongera.

Kurengera ibidukikije
Mugihe ugura ibikoresho, ugomba gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibipimo byibidukikije byibikoresho bigomba kugurwa. Igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije hamwe n'ibisabwa n'ishami rirengera ibidukikije mu gace gakoreshwa. Mu masezerano yo gutanga amasoko, ibidukikije bikosora ibidukikije byamavuta yubushyuhe hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukusanya umukungugu wa sisitemu yumye bigomba gusobanurwa neza. Urusaku rwibikorwa rwibikoresho rugomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga urusaku kumupaka wa Enterprise. Ibigega bya Asfalt hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika amavuta biremereye bigomba kuba bifite imitsi itandukanye. Ibikoresho byo gukusanya no gutunganya.

Shyiramo uruganda rwa Asfalt
Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho ni ishingiro ryo kumenya ubwiza bwibikoresho. Bikwiye guhabwa agaciro gakomeye, gutegurwa neza, no gushyirwa mubikorwa nabashakashatsi b'inararibonye.
Imyiteguro
Imirimo nyamukuru yo kwitegura ikubiyemo ibintu bitandatu bikurikira: Icyambere, shyira icyerekezo cyubatswe nubwubatsi bwo gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera byibanze bishingiye kuri gahunda yo hasi yatanzwe nuwabikoze; Icya kabiri, saba kugabana no gukoresha ibikoresho byimpinduka ukurikije ibisabwa byigitabo cyigisha igitabo, kandi ubare ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza. Ibisabwa by'ingufu mu bikoresho bishaje nko ku isonga asfalt kandi byahinduwe asfalt bigomba kwitabwaho, naho 10% kugeza 15% by'ubushobozi bw'abagenzi bugabanutse bugomba gusigara; Icya kabiri, icira ubushobozi bukwiye bugomba gushyirwaho ibicuruzwa byo murugo kugirango hategurwe ibikoresho bihamye bya kane, insinga zihamye kandi nkeya kandi nkeya kandi nkeya kandi ntoya iri hagati yurubuga kandi icyumba nyamukuru kigomba kuba 50m. Icya gatanu, kubera ko uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ubutegetsi butwara amezi 3, bigomba gutunganywa vuba bishoboka nyuma y'ibikoresho bisabwa kugirango habeho ibibazo. Icya gatandatu, boiali, ibikoresho byabahaha, ibikoresho byo gupima ibikoresho, nibindi bigomba kunyura mubikorwa byemewe nubugenzuzi mugihe gikwiye.

Gushiraho inzira
Iyubakwa rya Fondasiyo Inzira yo kubaka ishingiranwa ni izi zikurikira: Gushushanya ibishushanyo → Guhagarika → Guhuza ibice → Ishimwe rya Excicona → Silicon gusuka.
Urufatiro rwinyubako yo kuvanga muri rusange rwakozwe nkisoko ryimigenzo. Urufatiro rugomba kuba ruringaniye kandi rwinshi. Niba hari ubutaka butarekuye, bugomba gusimburwa no kuzura. Birabujijwe cyane gukoresha urukuta rw'urwobo rwo gusuka mu butaka igice cyasibwe, kandi imikorere igomba gushyirwaho. Niba impuzandengo yumunsi nijoro yubushyuhe buri munsi ya 5 ° C muminsi itanu ikurikiranye mugihe cyo kubaka, ingamba zo kubaka zishingiye kubisabwa mu gihe cy'itumba (nk'ibibaho byo gushyushya mu mikorere, kubaka isuku, n'ibindi). Kwishyiriraho ibice byashyizwemo ni inzira yingenzi. Umwanya windege nubutaro bigomba kuba ukuri, kandi gukosorwa bigomba kuba bihamye kugirango tumenye neza ko ibice byashyizwemo bitaguka cyangwa guhindura mugihe cyo gusuka no kunyeganyega.
Nyuma yo kubaka urufatiro irangiye no kwemerwa byujujwe, kwemerwa kwa Foullie Foundation bigomba gukorwa. Mugihe cyo kwemerwa, metero yongeye gusubirwamo zikoreshwa mugupima imbaraga za beto, sitasiyo yose ikoreshwa mugupima umwanya windege yibice byashyizwemo, kandi urwego rukoreshwa mugupima ubutumburuke. Nyuma yo kurengana, inzira yo kurangiriraho iratangira.
Ubwubatsi bwo gusohora inzira yubwubatsi ni ibi bikurikira: Kuvanga inyubako ibikoresho bishyushye → Ihuriro ryibikoresho → Ihuriro ryamavuta yubukonje → Umugereka w'ingenzi.
Niba amaguru yububiko bwuzuye bwibicuruzwa byarangiye mu nyubako ivanze yateguwe hamwe na bolts yashyizwemo, imbaraga za beto zasutse ku nshuro ya kabiri zigomba kugera kuri 70% mbere yuko habaho amagorofa yavuzwe haruguru. Ikariso yo hepfo irashobora gushyirwaho mugihe kandi yashizwemo neza mbere yuko izamurwa hejuru murwego. Ku bice bidashobora gushyirwaho ku izamu, ikamyo ya hydraulic igomba gukoreshwa, kandi ibikoresho by'umutekano bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano. Mugihe uhitamo crane, ubwiza bwayo bugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa. Itumanaho ryuzuye no kumenyekanisha rigomba gukorwa hamwe numushoferi wo guhomba mbere yibikorwa byo kuzamura. Ibikorwa byo kuzamura birabujijwe mu muyaga mwinshi, kugwa nibindi bihe. Mugihe gikwiye cyo kubaka, hagomba gushyirwaho gahunda zo gushiraho insinga ibikoresho no gushyira ibikoresho byo kurinda inzika.
Kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bivanze, ubugenzuzi buringaniye bukwiye gukorwa, cyane cyane bwo gukora ibintu bifatika kugirango bishimangire, kandi imbaraga zamavuta yo murwego rwohejuru ni ibisanzwe, kandi imbaraga ninzitizi bihujwe neza.

Gukemura ikibazo cya Asfalt

Gukemura Idle
Gukemura ibibazo ni ibi bikurikira: Gukora moteri → Hindura icyiciro cyo gukwirakwiza no kwitegereza ibipimo byo gukwirakwiza hamwe no kwitegereza niba igenzura kandi rifite imbaraga. Niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo, bigomba kuvaho.
Mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo, ugomba kandi kugenzura imiterere yumuriro ufunze windege ufunzwe, reba niba agaciro k'umuvuduko no kugenda kwa buri silinderi ari ibisanzwe, kandi reba niba ibimenyetso bya buri gice bya buri gice cyimuka nibisanzwe. Nyuma yo gukora amasaha 2, reba niba ubushyuhe bwa buri kintu cya buri kintu gifatika kandi kigabanya ibisanzwe, kandi uhindure buri selile. Nyuma yo gucuruza haruguru nibisanzwe, urashobora kugura lisansi hanyuma ugatangira gukemura imitsi yamavuta.

Gushiraho amavuta ya nyakatsi
Umwuma Amavuta Yumusozi ni umurimo wingenzi. Amavuta yubushyuhe agomba kuba afite umwuma kuri 105 ° C kugeza umuvuduko uhamye, hanyuma ukikinisha ubushyuhe bwa 160 kugeza 180 ° C. Amavuta agomba kuzuzwa umwanya uwariwo wose kandi ananiwe inshuro nyinshi kugirango agere ku nzitizi zihamye hamwe ningutu zo hanze hamwe ninzego zihamye. . Iyo ubushyuhe bwimiyoboro ya buri gikaringo bwa buri asfalt bugera ku bushyuhe busanzwe bugera ku bushyuhe busanzwe, ibikoresho fatizo nka asfalt, amabuye, ifu ya ore irashobora kugurwa kandi yiteguye gukora.

Kugaburira no Gukemura
Gukemura ikibazo ni urufunguzo rwo kugaburira no gukemura ibibazo. Gufata amavuta aremereye nk'urugero, hagomba kugurwa hagomba kugurwa hakurikije amabwiriza yayo. Uburyo bwo kumenya vuba amavuta aremereye kurubuga ni ukukongeraho mazutu. Amavuta menshi yo hejuru arashobora gushonga muri mazutu. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwamavuta aremereye ni 65 ~ 75 ℃. Niba ubushyuhe ari hejuru cyane, gaze izatanga umusaruro kandi ikatera umunaniro. Niba ibipimo byo gutwika byashyizweho neza, gutwika byoroshye birashobora kugerwaho, urumuri rwo gutwika ruzahagarara, kandi ubushyuhe buzatangirana no gufungura, kandi sisitemu ikonje irashobora gutangira kugaburira.
Ntukongeme chip ibuye hamwe nubunini bwanditse munsi ya 3m mugihe cyikizamini cya mbere cyakozwe, kuko niba umuriro ucecetse usohoka, imirongo itarakaye izongera kubahiriza isahani yubuyobozi hamwe na mesh yo kunyeganyega. Nyuma yo kugaburira, kwitegereza ubushyuhe bwamazingo hamwe nubushyuhe bwa silo bushyushye bwerekanwa kuri mudasobwa, bikasohoka hamwe na silo ishyushye, bigatwara ubushyuhe hanyuma ugereranye n'ubushyuhe bwerekanwe. Mubikorwa, hariho itandukaniro kuriyi ndangagaciro zubushyuhe, zigomba kuvugwa incamake, zipimwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi zitandukanijwe kugirango zikusanyirize amakuru kubisaruro bizaza. Iyo gupima ubushyuhe, koresha thermometero ya infrared na mermury thermometero yo kugereranya no kuri kalibrasi.
Ohereza igiteranyo gishyushye muri buri silo kuri laboratoire yo gusuzuma kugirango urebe niba yujuje ibyahujwe nimwobo wa sieve. Niba hari kuvanga cyangwa SIVIV bivanze, impamvu zigomba kumenyekana no kuvaho. Ikiriho cya buri gice, kigabanya ubushyuhe bugomba kubahirizwa kandi cyanditswe. Muburyo bwo gutegereza, kwitegereza no guhindura umwanya wibiziga bibiri bya mukandara, umukandara wateganijwe, na roller. Witegereze ko roller agomba kwiruka nta ngaruka cyangwa urusaku rudasanzwe. Gisesengura amakuru yo kugenzura hejuru no kwemeza kugirango wemeze niba sisitemu yo gukuramo umukungugu kandi yatunganijwe muri buri gice nubusanzwe, niba buri silinderi ikora mubisanzwe, kandi niba ibipimo bya buri munsi bikora na sisitemu yo kugenzura birakurikizwa.
Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kugaburira no gutenguha, imyanya yimpimbano yibikoresho bishyushye bin umuryango, igipimo cyigitsina gare, cyurugi rwarangiye, kandi urugi rwa Trolley rugomba kuba rworoshye.

Umusaruro ubanza
Nyuma yibikoresho hamwe no gukemura ibibazo birangiye, urashobora kuvugana nabatekinisiye babwubatsi kugirango bakore umusaruro uburanishwa no gutanga igice cyibizamini byumuhanda. Umusaruro ubanza ugomba gukorwa ukurikije igipimo cya Mixture cyatanzwe na laboratoire. Umusaruro ubanza ugomba kwimurirwa mugikorwa cyo kwitegura no kuvanga leta gusa nyuma yubushyuhe bwapimwe bwikigereranyo gishyushye bigera kubisabwa. Gufata Ah-70 Asfalt Kuvanga Uruvange nkurugero, ubushyuhe bwa Agregate bugomba kugera 170 ~ 185 ℃, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya Asfalt bugomba kuba 155 ~ 165 ℃.
Tegura umuntu wihariye (tester) kugirango urebe isura ya asfalt imvange kumwanya wimodoka itekanye kuruhande rwimodoka yo gutwara. Asfalt igomba kumeneka, nta bice byera, hagaragaye amacakubiri cyangwa agglomeration. Ubushyuhe buke bwapimwe bugomba kuba 145 ~ 165 ℃, nuburyo bwiza, gufata ubushyuhe. Fata ingero zo gukuramo ibizamini byo kugenzura amanota namavuta yo kugenzura kugenzura ibikoresho.
Kwitondera bigomba kwishyurwa amakosa yikizamini, kandi isuzuma ryuzuye rigomba gukorwa rifatanije ningaruka zifatika nyuma yo kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka. Umusaruro ugeragezwa ntushobora gushushanya umwanzuro ku kugenzura ibikoresho. Iyo umusaruro uvumburwa uruvange rwibisobanuro bimwe cyangwa 5000t, amakuru yibarurishamibare ya mudasobwa, ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, ubwinshi bwibizamini bigomba gusesengurwa hamwe. shaka umwanzuro. Gupima Asfalt Ukuri ibikoresho byinshi byo kuvanga Asfalt bigomba kugera kuri ± 0.25%. Niba bidashobora kugera kurubu, impamvu zigomba kuboneka no gukemurwa.
Umusaruro uburanishwa nicyiciro cyo gusubizwa kenshi, incamake no gutera imbere, hamwe nakazi gakomeye hamwe nibisabwa byinshi bya tekiniki. Irasaba ubufatanye bwa hafi mumashami atandukanye kandi bisaba imicungire nabakozi ba tekinike bafite uburambe runaka. Umwanditsi yemera ko umusaruro ugeragezwa ushobora gufatwa nyuma yo gukemura ibibazo byose byibikoresho byo gukora cyane kandi byizewe, ibipimo byose bibaye ibisanzwe, kandi ubwiza bwivangwa bubi kandi bugenzurwa.

Abakozi
Ibikoresho binini bivanze ibikoresho bivanze bigomba kuba bifite umuyobozi 1 hamwe nubuyobozi bwamacumbi, abakora 2 bafite amashanyarazi yisumbuye cyangwa hejuru, nabanyamashanyarazi 3. Dukurikije uburambe bwacu bufatika, kugabana ubwoko bwakazi ntigomba gusobanurwa neza, ariko bigomba kuba byihariye mumikorere myinshi. Abakora bagomba kandi kwitabira kubungabungwa kandi barashobora gusimbuzana mugihe cyakazi. Nibyiza guhitamo abakozi bashobora kwihanganira ingorane no gukunda gucengera mubuyobozi no mubikorwa kugirango batezimbere ubushobozi rusange hamwe nakazi kakazi.

kwemerwa
Abayobozi b'ibikoresho binini bivanze bivanze bivanga bikomeza kuvanga abakora n'abatekinisiye bo mu nyuba muri make imitekerereze. Ibikoresho byo kuvura imyanda bigomba kwipimisha no gusuzuma umusaruro uvangura urubanza, imikorere y'ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano, hanyuma ubigereranye n'ibisabwa n'amasezerano y'amasoko n'amabwiriza. , imiterere yanditseho yanditse.
Kwishyiriraho no gukemura ni ishingiro ryibikoresho bifite umutekano kandi binoze. Abayobozi bashinzwe ibikoresho bagomba kugira ibitekerezo bisobanutse, bibanda ku guhanga udushya, bibanda muri rusange, kandi bagakurikiza neza amabwiriza ya tekiniki n'umutekano kandi bagatanga neza kandi bagatanga ingwate ikomeye yo kubaka umuhanda.